Writing PRDs
A PRD is the artifact that aligns engineering, design, and business on what to build and why it matters. The best PRDs don't just describe features. They force clarity on the customer problem, create a shared mental model for the team, and serve as the source of truth throughout development. In the AI era, PRDs are evolving from static documents to interactive prototypes.
The Guide
5 key steps synthesized from 11 experts.
Start with the 'why' and 'why now'
The most important section of your PRD is the first one: background, context, and the problem you're solving. Your team needs to understand not just what they're building, but why this problem matters and why it's urgent to solve it now. If you can't articulate this clearly, you're not ready to write a PRD.
Featured guest perspectives
"The most important section in my opinion in the document is the first part, which is like what is the background and context? What is the problem, why does it matter and why does it matter now?"— Maggie Crowley
"Whenever we're devising a new product or feature, we're going to start by writing a press release describing the feature and describing it in a way that speaks to the customer... in my description of this, it better jump off the page of something like, wow, as a customer I will really need this."— Bill Carr
Write for clarity, not comprehensiveness
The goal of a PRD is alignment, not documentation for its own sake. Keep it minimal enough that people actually read it. Focus on defining key outcomes rather than every detail. A PRD that sits unread in Confluence is worse than a short doc that the whole team references daily.
Featured guest perspectives
"Unless there's something that's very sophisticated that we're working on, we tend to keep them pretty light. I like to just have the minimal amount of context possible, that just ensures everyone's on the same page and that the key outcomes for whatever feature that we're working on, are going to be present when we get there."— Eric Simons
"What I work first is to say, okay, for your product development process, let's start by using this method as the method to decide what am I going to go build? And oh, by the way, to use it as a method to sort between a lot of different choices of what you might build."— Bill Carr
Replace static specs with prototypes and demos
The traditional written PRD is being replaced by functional artifacts. Instead of describing what a feature should do, show it. Use AI tools to build interactive prototypes that demonstrate error states, success states, and animations. 'Demos before memos' accelerates alignment and reduces ambiguity.
Featured guest perspectives
"In this day and age, if you're not prototyping and building to see what you want to build, I think you're doing it wrong. I call it the prompt sets of the new PRDs. I really insist on folks saying if you're building new projects, new features of course come with prototypes and prompt sets."— Aparna Chennapragada
"The product management team is fascinating, because now they're actually building the product... we've specced out in v0, think of it as like a live PRD, we've specced out how the new functionality for deploying a v0 to Vercel is going to work. The amount of detail that was contained in that v0... we're all just saying, 'Well, just ship it. There's nothing else to discuss.' It was animated, it was interactive."— Guillermo Rauch
Use AI to accelerate drafting, not replace thinking
AI can scaffold the basics of user stories, out-of-scope items, and technical requirements. Use it to turn rough notes or voice memos into structured documents. But the high-level narrative and the 'why' still require human judgment. Let AI handle the commodity work while you focus on the strategic framing.
Featured guest perspectives
"I had used ChatGPT and a prompt to come up with a very serviceable PRD spec for this very technical product... Use AI to scaffold the basics of user stories and out-of-scope items... Include a 'narrative' section in PRDs to pitch the product's value."— Claire Vo
"In a Claude Code world, where you're not coding a lot, you end up spending a lot of time essentially typing PRDs... you could spend a little bit of time being like... I'm going to write a prompt that can take my rambling thoughts and then turn that into a PRD."— Dan Shipper
"Can Claude be a partner in figuring out what to build? What the market size is if you want to approach it that way? What the user needs are if you look at a different way? ... Models can do that today."— Mike Krieger
Treat the PRD as a living document
Your PRD is not a contract frozen in time. It's a home base that evolves as you learn. Keep a running log of decisions and trade-offs. Update requirements based on discovered failure modes. For AI products especially, executable evaluations are becoming the real source of truth for what the product should do.
Featured guest perspectives
"You're never going to know what the failure modes are going to be upfront... PRDs are a great abstraction for thinking about this. It's not the end all, be all. It's going to change."— Hamel Husain & Shreya Shankar
"This is the purest sense of what a product requirements document should be, is this eval judge that's telling you exactly what it should be, and it's automatic and running constantly."— Hamel Husain & Shreya Shankar
"Keep a running log of decisions and trade-offs within the document... Use the document as a 'home base' for all related research and artifacts."— Maggie Crowley
Common Mistakes
- Writing 'beefy' PRDs that no one reads because they're too long
- Jumping straight to solutions before clearly defining the problem
- Treating the PRD as a one-time deliverable instead of a living document
- Describing features in text when an interactive prototype would be clearer
- Neglecting the 'why now' section that justifies timing against other priorities
Signs You're Doing It Well
- Engineers reference the PRD during development without needing to ask clarifying questions
- Stakeholders can quickly understand the customer problem and proposed solution
- The document serves as a historical record of decisions and trade-offs
- PRDs are used as a filtering mechanism to decide what not to build
- Cross-functional teams (care, marketing, design) find the PRD useful for their own work
All Guest Perspectives
Deep dive into what all 11 guests shared about writing prds.
Aparna Chennapragada
"In this day and age, if you're not prototyping and building to see what you want to build, I think you're doing it wrong. I call it the prompt sets of the new PRDs. I really insist on folks saying if you're building new projects, new features of course come with prototypes and prompt sets."
- Use 'demos before memos' to accelerate the product building loop
- Include prompt sets as a core requirement for new AI features
- Prioritize high-bandwidth prototyping to visualize ideas before writing documentation
Bill Carr
"Whenever we're devising a new product or feature, we're going to start by writing a press release describing the feature and describing it in a way that speaks to the customer and to some degree the external press and world where the idea is, in my description of this, it better jump off the page of something like, wow, as a customer I will really need this."
- Write a mock press release (PR) and a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) before building
- Use the PR to describe the customer, the problem, and the solution in factual, data-rich language
- Include a hypothetical launch date to signal the project's complexity
"What I work first is to say, okay, for your product development process, let's start by using this method as the method to decide what am I going to go build? And oh, by the way, to use it as a method to sort between a lot of different choices of what you might build."
- Create a 'product funnel' where many PR/FAQs are written but only the best are funded
- Iterate on documents through 'concentric circles' of review, starting with a small group and expanding
Claire Vo
"I had used ChatGPT and a prompt to come up with a very serviceable PRD spec for this very technical product... I eventually ran into the monetization and access wall that is the GPT Store right now. And so... I thought, this is easy. We're just going to stand up a standalone app."
- Use AI to scaffold the basics of user stories and out-of-scope items
- Include a 'narrative' section in PRDs to pitch the product's value
- Customize AI prompts to learn from your specific company context and role
Dan Shipper
"In a Claude Code world, where you're not coding a lot, you end up spending a lot of time essentially typing PRDs... you could spend a little bit of time being like... I'm going to write a prompt that can take my rambling thoughts and then turn that into a PRD."
- Automate the PRD writing process by using a prompt that structures voice-to-text or rough notes into a formal document
Eli Schwartz
"In the second month, we're going to build out a PRD for engineers to start working on. In the third month, they're going to start working, and they're going to ship this."
- Translate SEO requirements into a standard PRD format that engineers can execute against
Eric Simons
"Unless there's something that's very sophisticated that we're working on, we tend to keep them pretty light. I like to just have the minimal amount of context possible, that just ensures everyone's on the same page and that the key outcomes for whatever feature that we're working on, are going to be present when we get there."
- Keep PRDs minimal to ensure they are actually read and understood
- Focus on defining the 'key outcomes' rather than every minute detail
Hamel Husain & Shreya Shankar
"This is the purest sense of what a product requirements document should be, is this eval judge that's telling you exactly what it should be, and it's automatic and running constantly."
- Translate product requirements into specific LLM-as-a-judge prompts
- Use evals to define non-negotiable product behaviors
"You're never going to know what the failure modes are going to be upfront... PRDs are a great abstraction for thinking about this. It's not the end all, be all. It's going to change."
- Update product requirements based on discovered failure modes in production data
- Treat the PRD as a living document that evolves with evaluation results
Guillermo Rauch
"The product management team is fascinating, because now they're actually building the product. So last night I saw how we've specced out in v0, think of it as like a live PRD, we've specced out how the new functionality for deploying a v0 to Vercel is going to work. The amount of detail that was contained in that v0, I mean, we're all just saying, 'Well, just ship it. There's nothing else to discuss.' It was animated, it was interactive."
- Use AI builders to create 'live PRDs' that demonstrate error states, success states, and animations.
- Move from descriptive text to interactive artifacts to gain stakeholder alignment.
Maggie Crowley
"The most important section in my opinion in the document is the first part, which is like what is the background and context? What is the problem, why does it matter and why does it matter now?"
- Include a 'Why now' section to justify timing against other opportunities
- Keep a running log of decisions and trade-offs within the document
- Use the document as a 'home base' for all related research and artifacts
Mike Krieger
"Can Claude be a partner in figuring out what to build? What the market size is if you want to approach it that way? What the user needs are if you look at a different way? ... Models can do that today."
- Use LLMs to synthesize user feedback from multiple channels (Discord, X, forums) into actionable product insights.
- Leverage AI to generate initial PRD drafts and market size estimates to speed up the 'upstream' planning process.
Vikrama Dhiman
"Is your PRD quality good enough? Are you writing that the draft notes that go and circulate to the care teams, to the marketing teams and so on? ... You must have that impact to impact through the artifacts that you work on."
- Ensure PRDs are high-quality and circulate them to cross-functional teams like care and marketing
- Don't neglect the 'IC roots' of document creation even as you move into leadership
"Can you show me your last PRD? Can you show me the last product note that you sent? Can you show me the product strategy doc that you have or collaborated on? Can you show me the brief that you sent to the design team on the problems and the ranking of those problems? Usually, you'll find something or the other missing."
- Audit your recent artifacts (PRDs, strategy docs, design briefs) for quality and completeness
- Ensure Jira storyboards are descriptive and not just empty titles
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